By the end of junior high school, there were two pieces of popular culture that made a considerable number of middle-class suburban lads my age think that joining a street gang was a pretty cool idea: S.E. Hinton's 1967 novel The Outsiders (part of the school curriculum for a lot of us!) and the 1979 Walter Hill movie The Warriors.
And I recently discovered this foundational film of my youth has been adapted into a concept album by none other than Lin-Manuel Miranda (Hamilton) and could now be headed to Broadway as a full fledged musical.
The Warriors tells the story of a 7-member delegation of the titular NYC gang trying to make their way back to Coney Island following a failed midnight peace summit at Van Cortlandt Park that ends in chaos. Wrongfully blamed for the murder of Cyrus, the visionary leader of the Gramercy Riffs who called the summit, the Warriors have to run, sneak and fight their way across an entire city of enemy territories run by gangs that are united at last...against them.
The movie is based on a 1965 novel by Sol Yurick, who based it in part on Xenophon's Anabasis, but I am not going to pretend The Warriors is a piece of classic cinema. But it would be just as wrong to categorize it solely a guilty pleasure.
The film was green lit because the studio was desperate for 'youth films.' Walter Hill was intrigued by the classical core of Yurick's novel. He also appreciated a screenplay that, that unlike every other film depicting street gangs as a scourge to society or a problem to be solved, this screenplay instead treated them as another part of the urban ecosystem to be explored.
Shot at night on the streets of New York with a modest budget, the producers paid actual gang members to be 'security.' The cinematographer successfully campaigned for a scene with a rainstorm at the beginning of the film, so he could wet the streets for better lighting in the subsequent shots. The review in The Village Voice declared, "Much of the movie looks as if Fritz Lang had directed The Wiz, with occasional contributions from Sergei Eisenstein and Bruce Lee," which is about as apt an encapsulation I have ever read.
Paramount pulled most of the advertising for the film after vandalism and violence (including three killings) were associated with showings on both coasts. As Walter Hill observed 35 years later, "I think the reason why there were some violent incidents is really very simple: The movie was very popular with the street gangs, especially young men, a lot of whom had very strong feelings about each other. And suddenly they all went to the movies together! They looked across the aisle and there were the guys they didn't like, so there were a lot of incidents. And also, the movie itself is rambunctious—I would certainly say that." Like most cult films of that time, The Warriors found its eventual (and incredibly loyal) audience through VHS and television showings.
Sure, the dialogue can be pretty stilted in places, some of the gang costumes are both impractical and outlandish (hey, did you know the beloved Baseball Furies wore war paint to cover up the non-youthful faces of the stuntmen portraying them?), and you might well wonder why they didn't just steal a car to make up time. But I was amazed to discover there was an actual gang meeting in 1971 with 200 delegates from dozens of gangs in attendance - so maybe the story isn't quite as far-fetched as we think?
The Warriors is still a compelling, if straightforward, story of survival that also has some poignant things to say about loyalty, courage and even class struggle. The latter comes most notably near the end of the film when a group of upper class teens in suits and dresses board the same subway car as Swan and the rest of his ragged warband, and it is difficult to determine which side is made more uncomfortable by the contrast.
The movie made quite an impression on me and many of my friends, and apparently Mr. Miranda as well, who claims the film "has been on two stone tablets in his head ever since" after seeing it on VHS at an inappropriate age. He initially dismissed the idea of adapting it when suggested by a friend in 2009, but after Hamilton's opening in 2015, realized he hadn't stopped thinking about it. He suggested a collaboration to Eisa Davis, a playwright and actress (and Pulitzer prize finalist!) who had never seen the film.
In a major departure from the film, the album Warriors are all women, which gave me pause but I have to admit works out really, really well for the story overall. It removes the trace homophobia and misogyny that were endemic to pictures of this type at that time, and an all-female crew adds a whole new level of both fear and triumph to surviving the night, a major theme of the album.
The opening track, Survive the Night, does a fantastic job of recreating the film's opening exposition and montage (honestly a masterclass in tight storytelling) in sound only.
[DJ LYNNE PEN]
Hey boppers
At midnight
There's a gathering after dark
In Van Cortlandt Park
[DJ & CLEON]
Hey boppers
Cyrus needs five boroughs to see this through
This means you
[DJ, CLEON & SWAN]
Hey boppers
The truce is on
No weapons but your fists, she insists
Hey boppers
Keep your radio tuned tight
Rather than showcasing individual gangs, each of the five boroughs gets a shout out courtesy of some legendary names in hip-hop, like Busta Rhymes, Cam'ron, and Mas. My personal favourite is Ghostface Killah and RZA of Wu Tang Clan repping Staten Island with this crisp lamentation:
So how do we make it back home alive
When we gotta leave our crib at 9:45
For a midnight meeting, word up, what a fuckin' pain
Takin' a train to a boat to another train?
Cyrus is also a woman, voiced by the legendary Lauryn Hill, but her song "If You Can Count" maintains a tremendous amount of fidelity to the source material:
Can you count, suckas?
Yeah, right
I said, can you count, suckas
Yeah, right
The future is ours, the future is yours if you can count
Can you dig it?
You've got the Moon Runners right by the Van Cortlandt Rangers
Got the Jones Street Boys by the Turnbull AC's
And nobody's wastin' nobody
And that's a miracle
A miracle
And miracles are
The way things ought to be
Can you dig it?
Gender-swapping the protagonists makes a good character better in the case of Ajax (played by James Remar in the film and Amber Gray on the album). A violent and ambitious, well, a-hole in the movie, musical Ajax is just as rough and loyal, but instead of being lured away following a fight , siren-like, by a pretty lady on a park bench, she instead responds to catcalls from a creepy old man (played by James Remar!) with an entirely different motivation, but similar consequences. The Park At Night is probably my favourite track on the album, despite being less than three minutes long.
The rest of the changes are pretty mild, overall, and the timeline is again astonishingly faithful to the movie. There is a great mix of musical styles across the 26 tracks, emerging from its hip hop base to find expressions of salsa, ska and even K-pop and metal-tinged pieces.
The film's outlandish design, pronounced dystopian elements, bold costume choices and synth-based score give it a sense of enhanced reality and an almost cyberpunk veneer, like it is taking place maybe two weeks into a more troubled future as opposed to a present-day 1979 (even though things were getting pretty dystopian in NYC at that time!). It is hard to tell from listening alone if the album version of The Warriors is a period piece or not, but there are clues: the presences of only a single gun in a story full of violence and hierarchy, as well as a bit of exposition presented by a pay phone call. Most critically, news about the hunt for the Warriors is not shared by social media, but by a radio deejay (Jamaican singer Shenseea).
But this NPR article makes it clear that the project is not only set in but also a hymn of praise to that period. "We were inspired by the concept albums from the '70s that we love," Miranda said, "where you would sit on your living room floor and read the liner notes to your vinyl. And we wanted to create that feeling."
In truth, the product as a whole is probably a bit too musical theatre/ hip-hop for most of my circle, but I am desperately hoping my Hamilton-loving daughters give it a listen before too long. I've streamed the album a few times now since discovering it and enjoy it a lot. There is probably a lot of nostalgia behind my affection, but so what?
If you are the least bit intrigued, my suggestion is to check out this YouTube playlist of official lyric videos, which lets my eyes helps my aging ears to catch some of the more rapid-fire lyrics. Miranda and Davis suggest listening to the whole album at one go (about an 81 minute commitment with no ads) and if you can manage that, more power to you.
The stage adapation of the album is only in its earliest stages yet, with hopes of staging it on Broadway by perhaps next year. It is doubtful I will get to see it there, but if a touring production north of 49 gets anywhere near me, you can pretty much sell me a ticket.
Can you dig it?
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| a cool artifact from the long departed Coney Island Candy on Whyte Avenue |


























































